By Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized condition that affects the skeletal muscle system, leading to reduced muscle strength, mass, and function. It is associated with increased risk of falls, fractures, disability, and mortality in older adults. According to the International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), sarcopenia affects about 10% of adults over 60 years of age and more than 50% of those over 80 years of age. The global prevalence of sarcopenia is expected to rise due to the aging population and the increasing burden of chronic diseases.
The sarcopenia market is estimated to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% during the forecast period. The major factors driving the growth of the market are the rising awareness and diagnosis of sarcopenia, the increasing demand for nutritional supplements and pharmacological interventions, the development of novel biomarkers and diagnostic tools, and the growing research and development activities in the field.
However, the market also faces some challenges, such as the lack of a universally accepted definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, the high cost and limited availability of some treatments, the lack of reimbursement policies and regulatory guidelines, and the low adherence and compliance of patients to the prescribed therapies.
Key Drivers and Constraints
The key drivers of the sarcopenia market are:
- The increasing prevalence of sarcopenia and its associated comorbidities, such as osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity, among the elderly population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people aged 60 years and above is expected to increase from 900 million in 2015 to 2 billion in 2050, accounting for 22% of the global population. This will create a huge demand for sarcopenia treatment and management.
- The growing awareness and diagnosis of sarcopenia among patients, physicians, and caregivers, as well as the availability of various screening and assessment tools, such as the SARC-F questionnaire, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) algorithm, the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). These tools help to identify the risk factors, the severity, and the progression of sarcopenia, and to monitor the response to the treatment.
- The increasing demand for nutritional supplements and pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia, such as protein, vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium, creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, testosterone, selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), myostatin inhibitors, and ghrelin agonists. These products help to improve the muscle mass, strength, and function, and to prevent or delay the onset of sarcopenia. The market for nutritional supplements is expected to dominate the sarcopenia market, as they are widely available, affordable, and safe.
- The development of novel biomarkers and diagnostic tools for sarcopenia, such as the serum creatinine, the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), the handgrip strength, the gait speed, the physical performance battery (PPB), and the sarcopenia quality of life (SarQoL) questionnaire. These biomarkers and tools help to improve the accuracy, reliability, and standardization of the diagnosis and prognosis of sarcopenia, and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment.
- The growing research and development activities in the field of sarcopenia, supported by the increasing funding and collaboration from the public and private sectors, such as the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the European Union (EU), the Sarcopenia and Physical Frailty in Older People: Multi-Component Treatment Strategies (SPRINTT) project, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Biomarkers Consortium, and the International Conference on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR). These activities aim to explore the pathophysiology, the epidemiology, the prevention, and the treatment of sarcopenia, and to discover new therapeutic targets and strategies.
The key constraints of the sarcopenia market are:
- The lack of a universally accepted definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, leading to the variability and inconsistency in the diagnosis and classification of sarcopenia across different regions and settings. There are several definitions and criteria proposed by different organizations and experts, such as the IWGS, the EWGSOP, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project, and the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). However, there is no consensus on the cut-off values, the measurement methods, and the clinical relevance of these definitions and criteria.
- The high cost and limited availability of some treatments for sarcopenia, such as the pharmacological interventions, the DXA, and the BIA. These treatments are often not covered by the insurance or reimbursement policies, and are not accessible or affordable for many patients, especially in the low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, some of these treatments may have adverse effects, such as the risk of infection, bleeding, cardiovascular events, and prostate cancer, associated with the testosterone therapy.
- The lack of reimbursement policies and regulatory guidelines for sarcopenia, as sarcopenia is not recognized as a disease or a medical condition by many health authorities and agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and the WHO.
- The low adherence and compliance of patients to the prescribed therapies for sarcopenia, such as the nutritional supplements, the pharmacological interventions, and the exercise programs. The reasons for the low adherence and compliance include the lack of awareness, the lack of motivation, the lack of support, the lack of convenience, the lack of efficacy, and the presence of side effects. The low adherence and compliance may lead to the suboptimal outcomes and the increased health care costs.
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Key Trends and Developments in the Market
| Trends and Developments | Description |
| New therapeutic modalities and targets | Emergence of gene therapy, stem cell therapy, senolytic therapy, sarcospan, ActRII, follistatin, irisin, and microRNAs to restore muscle mass and strength |
| Integration of digital technologies and AI | Use of wearable devices, smartphone applications, telemedicine, machine learning, and deep learning to monitor muscle mass, strength, and function and improve prediction and prevention of sarcopenia |
| Adoption of multimodal and multidisciplinary approaches | Combination of nutritional supplements, pharmacological interventions, and exercise programs and collaboration of different health care professionals to provide holistic and comprehensive care for patients |
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Market Segmentation
| Segment | Categories | Description |
| Treatment Type | Protein Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Vitamin D & Calcium Supplement, Pharmacotherapy, Others | Includes supplements and pharmacotherapy options to manage and treat sarcopenia. |
| Route of Administration | Oral, Parenteral, Others | Categorizes the market based on the administration method of treatments. |
| End User | Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others | Identifies the primary care settings for sarcopenia patients. |
| Distribution Channel | Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy, Others | Highlights the various channels through which sarcopenia treatments are distributed. |
| Region | United States, EU-4 and the United Kingdom (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom), Japan, China | Covers major regions with forecasts for sarcopenia market growth and development. |
This table provides a structured overview of the sarcopenia market
Competitive Landscape
Amgen Inc., F-Hoffmann La-Roche, American Way (Amway) Corporation, Abbott Laboratories, Inc., AbbVie Inc., Merck, AstaReal AB, Pfizer Inc., Sanofi S.A., Nestle Health Science, Zydus Cadila, Bayer AG, Johnson & Johnson, and Novartis AG are all prominent players in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry. These companies span a broad range of specializations, from biotechnology firms developing cutting-edge therapies and drugs, to global healthcare corporations offering a wide array of health products, including nutritional supplements, medical devices, and pharmaceuticals. Their contributions to healthcare and medicine are significant, with each company playing a crucial role in advancing treatments, improving patient outcomes, and leading innovation in their respective fields.
| Company | Type | Products/Services | Research and Development |
| Amgen Inc. | Biotechnology | Omecamtiv mecarbil, AMG 701, AMG 110, AMG 157, Romosozumab | Phase 2 trial of romosozumab in postmenopausal women with sarcopenia |
| F-Hoffmann La-Roche | Pharmaceutical and diagnostics | Diagnostic tests, nutritional supplements, drugs | SARA-INT trial evaluating efficacy and safety of denosumab in patients with low bone mass and sarcopenia |
| American Way (Amway) Corporation | Direct selling | Nutrilite dietary supplements and functional foods | Collaboration with academic institutions and research centers to conduct studies on sarcopenia and nutrition |
| Abbott Laboratories, Inc. | Global health care | Diagnostic tests, medical devices, nutritional products, pharmaceuticals | LIFE study evaluating impact of exercise and nutrition on sarcopenia outcomes |
| AbbVie Inc. | Biopharmaceutical | Cimaglermin alfa | Phase 1/2 trial of cimaglermin alfa for treatment of heart failure and sarcopenia |
| Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Global pharmaceutical | Diagnostic tests, vaccines, biologics, drugs | Geriatric>Muscle project to improve diagnosis and management of sarcopenia in older adults |
| AstaReal AB | Swedish biotechnology | AstaMed medical food containing astaxanthin | Clinical trials and scientific studies on effects of astaxanthin on sarcopenia and other muscle-related conditions |
| Pfizer Inc. | Global pharmaceutical and biotechnology | Diagnostic tests, vaccines, biosimilars, drugs | LILAC trial evaluating efficacy and safety of bimagrumab in patients with sarcopenia and mobility impairment |
| Sanofi S.A. | French multinational pharmaceutical | Diagnostic tests, vaccines, biologics, drugs | Investigating potential role of Sarclisa in preventing and treating sarcopenia |
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